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- 以沿海陆地边缘(海岸线)和海拔100-200 m以下的大陆架为边界的海洋环境。从生态学的观点看,沿海区划定等级,从受连接的陆地和沿岸河流和河口的输入影响的浅水深,到海洋作用起主导地位的大陆架坡折。在这些与海岸线和近岸水域的水体相关联的独特的海洋生态系统中,水生物主要是海藻群落、珊瑚礁和涌升流。
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