DEFC Thesaurus
DEFC Schema
DEFC thesaurus is a knowledge organization system designed for Digitizing Early Farming Cultures project.
Seta Štuhec
Anja Masur
Edeltraud Aspöck
Ksenia Zaytseva
Peter Andorfer
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
archaeology
Neolithic
Anatolia
Greece
http://dbpedia.org/page/Archaeology
English
German
Latin
application/rdf+xml
Küste
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/coast
A part of land adjoining or near the sea.
coast
A figurine shaped in form of a table.
table
Tisch
OREA
Rhyton
rhyton
OREA
Zoomorphic vessel in a shape of a horn used for drinking and pouring.
OREA
naviform core
A special type of bidirectional core (most common for the area of the Near East).
A blade or flake with several small tooth-like (dentate or serrated) notches on the working edge.
denticulated tool
gezähnt
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
denticulate
knife
Messer
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 166.
A backed blade; a cutting instrument composed of a blade and a handle into which it is fixed, either rigidly or with a joint.
4.122
Obsidian, natural glass of volcanic origin that is formed by the rapid cooling of viscous lava. Obsidian is extremely rich in silica, low in water, and has a chemical composition similar to rhyolite.
obsidian
Obsidian
Encyclopaedia Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/science/obsidian
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.96
disc
Scheibe
A stone artifact circular in shape and concave on both sides usually of quartz, granite, flint, hematite, slate, or basalt. They range from 0.25 to 23 cm in diameter and from 0.5 to 9 kg in weight. Some have a hole through the center and others have flanges around the edges.They seemed to have a ceremonial or ritual purpose or were used for mixing herbs or medicines.
niche
Nische
A alcove-like recess in a wall.
M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
heritage assessment
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
altar
Altar
An elevated table or podium on which to place or sacrifice offerings to the deities.
OREA
thermal structure
A construction used for heating.
Akrolith
acrolith
A Greek statue, of which the head and extremities were of stone or marble and the trunk crafted of wood which was either gilt or draped.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 4
The upper portion of the vessel closest to its orifice that has been thinned.
OREA
tapered-up rim
Verjüngender Rand
OREA
conical core
A blade core of a conical shape.
A building technique in which a building has been build (mud brick, wattle and daub...). Also distinctive architectural elements such as pillars and floor.
building technique
Bautechnik
black and red on cream (polychrome) (β3β)
Schwarz und rot auf beige (polychrom) (B3b)
OREA
Pottery decorated with black and red paint on cream ground (polychrome).
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.22
A flat, heavy cutting tool of stone or metal (bronze) in which the cutting edge is parallel to the haft and which might have the head and handle in one piece. Its main function was for woodworking (hewing, cleaving, or chopping trees) but it was also used as a weapon of war, as the battle ax.
Axt
ax
axe
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 247
pointillé decoration
Pottery decoration by marking with dots.
Pointillé Dekor
Hauptmann - Milojcic 1969
Burnished ware with red respectively black interior respectively exterior surface typical for Thessaly.
black/red burnished arapi
schwarz/rot geglättet Arapi
weight
Stone, clay, or metal object of standard weight used in measurement on balances or scales of some kind; an object used to weigh something down or to measure the weight of another object.
Gewicht
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 337
Curved and thinned portion of a vessel closest to its orifice.
OREA
Gewölbter, sich verjügender Rand
curved tapered-up rim
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 51
button
Small, usually disklike, pieces of bone, metal, stone, or other solid material that have holes or a shank through which they are sewn on to garments. Buttons are used to fasten or close a garment and are sometimes purely decorative.
Knopf
Datierung
dating
area dating
coarse ware
coarse
Sherds or vessels with a coarser appearance that is achieved throzgh thicker walls, large-sized grit inclusions and the absence of careful surface treatment.
grob
OREA
mountain top
Berggipfel
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mountaintop
The area at the top of a mountain.
summit
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 290
Flat lower portion of a vessel from the lower boudary of the body to the place that would normally be in contact with the surface on which the vessel rested in a concave/inverted shape.
concave flat base
Konkaver Flachboden
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
Kratzerstirn auf Klinge
A tool with retouches on a single edge at one end of a blade, accross its long axis. The retouched of a scraper is bigger than 60°. The tool was possibly used for flensing or softening hides and to dress skins.
end-scraper on blade
fishing
The activity of catching fish as a source of food.
OREA
Fischen
loom weight
loomweight
A perforated stone or ceramic block used for stretching the threads forming the warp or the weft on a loom.
Webgewicht
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.182
Armeniaca vulgaris
http://eol.org/pages/301091/overview
apricot
Aprikose
Rot auf weiß (A3b)
red on white (a3ß)
OREA
Pottery painted with red paint on white ground.
pottery detail
Keramikdetail
sandstone
Sandstone (sometimes known as arenite) is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.
Sandstein
http://dbpedia.org/page/Sandstone
Flint
flint
Encyclopaedia Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/science/chert#ref272901
Flint is a fine-grained quarz and a silica mineral included under the general term chert. In Neolithic it was used as material source for tools and weapons.
6.2; 6.4
tripod
OREA
A vessel standing on three legs.
Dreifuß
OREA
Makrobotanik
archaeobotany: macro-botany
Analysis of plant remains from archaeological sites visible with the naked eye.
macro botany
macro-botany
lithics industry
Industrie
https://www.britannica.com/topic/chalcedony
A very fine-grained (cryptocrystalline) variety of the silica mineral quartz. A form of chert, it occurs in concretionary, mammillated, or stalactitic forms of waxy lustre and has a compact fibrous structure, a fine splintery fracture.
Chalzedon
chalcedony
5.4
OREA
NotInDatabase
The location of the site based on the natural and artifical physical features of an area.
topography
http://dbpedia.org/page/Acorn
acorn
Eichel
Kistengrab
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P 119.
A prehistoric coffin containing either a body or ashes, usually made of stone or a hollowed-put tree, of Europe and Asia. The grave might be lined with stones and covered with slabs or enclosed on four sides by stone slabs standing upright and cloed with
cist grave
Bowl with strong carination in its upper part typical for Thessaly.
shouldered bowl
Hauptmann - Milojcic 1969
Schulterschale
Stele
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
stele
An upright, freestanding monumne, often inscribed and used for funerary or commemorative purposes.
A concept schema related to the particular properties of Research Event in the database.
A concept schema related to the particular properties of Research Event.
Holzkohle
Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. It can be used for dating analysis of an archaeological context.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Charcoal
charcoal
elongated prong handle with knob
lang gezogener Stabhenkel mit Knubbe
Holz
http://dbpedia.org/page/Wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists comp
wood
archaeozoology
zooarchaeology
archäozoologischer Bericht
The study of animal remains from archaeological sites.
Archäozoologie
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/research/tags/zooarchaeology
animal remains report
storage vessel
OREA
A container used for storing food and liquids such as storage jar, pithos, amphore etc.
Vorratsgefäß
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
rippled burnished
Wellig geglättet
A technique of pottery burnish in which the whole surface is worked into ripples, in extreme examples it approaches fluting.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 271
rippled
pier
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~prehistory/aegean/?glossary-term=pier
post base
A freestanding, rectangular mass of masonry supporting the superstructure of a building
geophysical survey: magnetic
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145144
Geomagnetik
magnetometry survey
Survey using a magnetometer, a device capable detecting various in magnetic susceptibility between topsoils, subsoils and rocks, can also be used in a maritime context to detect variations in the magnetic field of seabed sediments.
magnetometry
geomagnetische Messung
wild barley
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum
http://eol.org/pages/1114455/overview
Wilde Gerste
Siedlung
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=68977
A small concentration of dwellings.
settlement
knob row
Vertikale Knubbenreihe
OREA
Vertically applied series of round clay objects.
knob-row
A device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/tool
Werkzeug
tool
calcite
http://dbpedia.org/page/Calcite
Kalzit
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Kalkspat
Calcit
grinding equipment
Tools used for grinding.
OREA
Pottery decorated with brown paint on cream ground.
Braun auf beige (B3a2a)
brown on cream (b3α2a)
OREA
OREA
flaring rim
Ausladender Rand
Curved rim with outcurving inflections outside the vessel.
grinding stone
A revolving stone used to sharpen or polish by grinding.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.136
Schleifstein
grindstone
sharpening stone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooarchaeology
The items left behind when an animal dies such as bones, shells, hair, chitin, scales, hides, proteins and DNA.
Tierüberreste
faunal remains
animal remains
beak spouted jug
Schnabelkanne
Grünstein
Jade
0
green stone
jade
Sammeln
OREA
The activity of collecting wild plants and their fruits.
gathering
Structured and carefully executed scanning of the ground surface with a metal detecting device in order to recover surface scatters of metal objects and plot them spatially within the study area as part of an archaeological survey or metal detecting rally
metal detection
Feldbegehung mit Metalldetektor
metal detecting survey
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145147
narrow-mouthed shallow bowl
OREA
A low open vessel with narrow mouth and with a rim diameter double than the height.
Engmundige Schale
A type of building with internal buttresses projecting from the walls. Named after the eponymous site of Tsangli in Thessaly.
tsangli house
OREA (M. Brami)
A building related to sacred rites or symbols.
sacral
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sacral
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.140
A hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking.
hammer
Hammer
The unsystematic study of ground surfaces and collection of visible archaeological material.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145176
unsystematisch Feldbegehung
field walking survey: non-systematic
A small club like weapon, usually of stone, crafted to fit snugly in the hand, for pounding. It often had a perforated head and was attached to a shaft of wood (or ivory or hom), often tapering toward the end that was gripped.
Keulenkopf
mace head
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P.323.
everted rim
Ungestülpter Rand
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 109
A rim that turns sharply outwards and upwards from the shoulder of the vessel.
A ceramic collar placed under a round or pointed bottom vessel in order to support or stabilize the vessel.
Ständer
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm
stand
fruit
A vault or subterranean chamber used as a burial place.
chamber grave
0.0
crypt
An archaeological feature found in the open space that has a ritual meaning or was used to carry out a ritual.
ritual
OREA
cave
Höhle
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/pastscape_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=70384
A subterranean feature entered from a hillside, cliff face, etc. A cave may have been used for occupation, storage, burial, refuse, or as a hide-away.
Black topped
Pottery with blackened rim, that was most likely added after firing in the kiln.
OREA
black topped
A large area of flat land.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plain
Flachland
plain
Mollett, J. W. 1966 An Illustrated Dictionary of Art and Archaeology. American Archives of World Art Inc., New York, p. 86
concrete
A construction material, a mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone with cement.
OREA
flat site
A settlement erected in the low-lying area.
Flachland
particle size analysis
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142179
The analysis of the distribution and proportion of sand, silt and clay in a deposit.
soil analysis: particle size analysis
Korngrößenanalyse
ring handle
A handle with a round loop.
Ringhenkel
OREA
A blade core which complete exhaustion leads to the bullet shape.
Bullet core
bullet core
OREA
Animal shaped vessel.
zoomorphic vessel
OREA
Zoomorphes Gefäß
Pistache
Pistazie
pistachio
http://eol.org/pages/50516/overview
Pistacia
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P.318.
Grabraub
Any unscientific and illegal act of pludering archaeological sites, especially graves, for profit.
looting
http://dbpedia.org/page/Copper
Kupfer
Copper (Cu) is a reddish, extremely ductile metal that can be found in the free metallic state in nature.
copper
5.2
ladle
A particular piece of cutlery in a form of a long-handled scoop used for ladling food of liquids.
OREA
Schöpfkelle
inhumation
holemouthed jar
Engmundiges Topf
hole-mouthed jar
A jar with no rim or neck, rather the vessel lip attaches directily to the vessel wall.
bag-shaped vessel
Engmundiges Gefäß
Beutelförmiges Gefäß
OREA
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/fabric
fabric
Cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibres.
Stoff
bothros
A pit or depression used for various purposes such as storage or waste, but mostly related to cult activities such as sacrifice in ancient Greece.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothros
Oberflächenbehandlung
pottery surface treatment
Pottery decorated with brown paint on yellow ground.
braun auf gelb
brown on yellow
OREA
plastic decoration
Pottery with applied material on its surface such as clay or bead.
OREA
Plastischer Dekor
cortical blade
A concept scheme related to the particular Research Event properties
A concept schema related to the particular properties of Research Event in the database.
wild cattle
Wildrind
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=69068
mining
An excavation form which stone for building and other functions, is obtained by cutting, blasting, etc.
quarry
mining site
Steinbruch
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/shuttle?s=t
Weberschiffchen
A device in a loom for passing or shooting the weft thread through the shed from one side of the web to the other, usually consisting of a boat-shaped piece of wood containing a bobbin on which the weft thread is wound.
shuttle
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
Geweih
Antlers are extensions of the skull grown by members of the deer family.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Antler
antler
5.8
wattle-and-daub
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. p. 598.
wattle and daub
wattle
A building techniques in which walls were made by plastering mud (daub, possibly with sand and plant fibers) over a lattice of branches and sticks (wattle). Interwoven twigs or thin split timbers were used.
http://eol.org/pages/1115159/overview
rye
Roggen
Secale cereale
OREA
Mondförmiger Henkel
crescent-shaped handle
(Half)moon shaped handle.
building material
A certain type of building technique distinctive on the material that has been used.
OREA
Getreide
cereal
Kalottenförmige Schale
dome-shaped shallow bowl
A hemispherical low open vessel with a rim diameter double than the height.
OREA
pottery form
Kragenschale
OREA
A shallow open vessel with a raised band or series of bands at the base of the neck.
collared bowl
carinated bowl with inverted rim
Knickrandschale
OREA
A shallow, open vessel with upper part heavily contracting inwards.
unknown
4.98; 4.110; 4.111
tally stick
Kerbholz
A tally (or tally stick) was an ancient memory aid device used to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Tally_stick
wild cat
Wildkatze
http://eol.org/pages/328605/overview
Felis silvestris
wildcat
An end- or circular scraper with the retouch making scraper edge angle almost 90°.
high scraper
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
thick scraper
storage
An archaeological feature found in the open space that was used for storage.
OREA
impresso (a2)
Pottery decorated by imprinting of the clay with different types of objects.
OREA
Impresso (A2)
Grabtyp
grave type
geophysical survey
Bodenradarmessung
geomagnetische Messung
geophysicalischer Survey
Feldbegehung mit Metalldetektor
pedestal
OREA
Sockel
Henkel
handle
stroke-burnished
stroke-and pattern burnished
Strich- und mustergeglättet
Pattern-burnished
Pottery decorated with network patterns. In stroke burnish, the surface is completey polished, but the marks of the burnished, a pebble or bone slip, remain distinct.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 50
Archäomagnetismus
Measures the remanent magnetisation direction of mafnetic minerals. Useful for dating fired structures, in-situ since their last firing, and for sediments settling from non turbulent water bodies. In the UK, calibration data extends back to 1 BC.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=14214
dating: archaeomagnetism
finds type
Fundtypus
This term classifies material things that result from human endeavor, have aesthetic, cultural, historical, scientific, or other utilirarian value, and are by design or through collecting portable functional entities (animal remains, botany, small finds and lithics).
DARIAH backbone thesaurus v 1.2 - http://83.212.168.219/DariahCrete/en/bbt_intro_en
Grabhügel
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P.578
A mound of earth or stones built over a burial - most often a large, circular tomb.
tumulus
kleine Statue
terracotta
A figurine or statuette is a small statue that represents a human, deity or animal, or in practice a pair or small group of them.
figurine
stattuete
Statuette
http://dbpedia.org/page/Figurine
Wilde Erbse
wild pea
Pisum humile
http://eol.org/pages/1230334/overview
M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
A projecting support built against a wall.
buttress
OREA
Pottery decorated with matt brown paint on white ground.
matt brown on white
Matt bemalt, braun auf weiß
http://eol.org/pages/10567249/overview
reptile
Reptil
Liminal strip of clay attached to a vessel before firing.
Randständiger Bandhenkel
OREA
rim-attached strap handle
Rot auf hell
OREA
Pottery painted with red paint on buff ground.
red on buff
A handle in a shape of a horn – wide at one end and pointy at the other, upper end or a handle with pointy applcations.
Hornhenkel
horned handle
Henkel mit Hornaufsatz
horn handle
OREA
Human remains were not found on the site.
human remains absence
OREA
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 252.
Angelhacken
An artifact of two basic types: the bait hook and lure hook. Varied in form throughout the Pacific, they are made of bone, shell, tortoise shell, or wood.
fish hook
Nuß
nuts
http://dbpedia.org/page/Nut_(fruit)
Burnished ware decorated with dark slip.
dark faced burished ware (dfbw)
OREA
Geglättete Keramik mit dunklem Überzug
Bodenanalyse
soil analysis
A handle with round application(s).
OREA
knobbed handle
Henkel mit aufgesetzter Knubbe
Waffe
weapon
The systematic study of ground surfaces and collection of visible archaeological material. Fieldwalking can be carried out as line-walking, grid collection and transect or quadrant sampling. Any material recovered is logged and stored by sample unit.
field walking survey: systematic
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145132
systematisch Feldbegehung
Special archaeological features (architecture and installation) that has been found outside of a building.
OREA
special feature
spezielle Befunde
grau auf grau
OREA
grey on grey
Pottery decorated with grey paint on grey ground.
DNA-Analyse
Any technique used to analyze genes and DNA to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA.
OREA
DNA analysis
langezogener Henkel
Coleman 1977
elongated handle
A lug in a shape of an elephant´s head.
Horn
http://dbpedia.org/page/Horn_(anatomy)
A horn is a pointed projection on the head of various animals consisting of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone.
horn
4.7
Vessel that has been smoothed when still wet before drying and firing. The surface is wiped without additional use of water. Traces of wiping direction can be often observed.
Glatt gestrichen
smoothed
Horvat, M. 1999, Keramika. Tehnologija keramike, tipologija lonöenine, keramiöni arhiv. Filozofska fakulteta, Ljubljana. P. 25
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=546&term_no=138407
enclosure wall
An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones, wood or similar materials, laid in courses.
Mauer
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mineralogy
Geologie
geological research
geologische Auswertung
The scientific tudy of minerals.
geology
Spitzhacke
pickax
Pickel
pickaxe
A pick with a point at one end and a cutting blade at the other end.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 240
https://www.britannica.com/topic/rock-crystal
Rock crystal, transparent variety of the silica mineral quartz that is valued for its clarity and total lack of colour or flaws. Used for carving and as an ornamental mineral.
Bergkristall
rock crystal
Organization and structure of the settlement – type of enclosure and the layout of houses.
OREA
settlement structure
Siedlungsstruktur
excavation: research
Forschungsgrabung
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=14735
Controlled investigation, recording and removal of archaeological deposits in targeted areas in order to answer specific questions relating to a particular archaeological site or landscape.
research excavation
Keramikdekor
pottery decoration
A medium-to-large (diameter), intermediate-to-deep bowl.
Becken
basin
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm
5.29
OREA (M. Brami)
megaron
A three-roomed building with a central axis.
pottery
Keramik
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 305
strap handle with round hole
Bandhenkel mit rundem Loch
A handle made from a strip of clay with a round loop and attached to the body of the pot at two points before firing.
goose
part of house
trennende Mauer
separating wall
A pyramid of rough stones, raised for a memorial or mark of some kind, usually over a burial but also as a landmark or monument.
cairn
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P.88.
OREA
Equipment used in production of textile materials.
textile equipment
Trümmer
splinter
Non-flake
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A type of chipped stone artifact manufactured by the bipolar percussion technique, used for spliting a wood on two pieces. synonym: piece esquillee.
monochrom orange
OREA
monochrome orange
Pottery painted with orange paint on orange ground.
haft
Heft
A handle of a compound weapon or a tool - such as an adze, awl, ax, or knife.
Griff
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 139
http://dbpedia.org/page/Sling_(weapon)
slingstone
A stone used as a blunt projectile with a sling.
Schleudergeschoss
sling bullet
tusk
A long pointed tooth, especially one which protrudes from the closed mouth, as in the elephant, walrus, or wild boar.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/tusk
Stoßzahn
Herkunftanalyse
sourcing
lithics: raw material sourcing
OREA
lithics sourcing
An analysis to find out where the raw material of the object was obtained.
wild goat
http://eol.org/pages/2870013/overview
Wildziege
Capra aegagrus
research event
OREA
A project and type of archaeological research that was carried out
Pottery decorated with brown paint on red ground.
OREA
brown on red
Braun auf rot
Fisch
http://dbpedia.org/page/Fish
fish
http://eol.org/pages/38383/overview
grape
Vitis
Traube
dimini bowl
Dimini Schale
phiale
St. Souvatzi, A Social Archaeology of Households in Neolithic Greece. An Anthropological Approach (Cambridge 2008) 255.
A vessel with a conical body, flat base, and strongly inverted rim. Sets of two or four small string-hole lugs are placed symmetrically arround the rim. Interior and exterior surface are fully covered with various geometrical design elements and patterns.
Bein
OREA
foot
Fuß
Leg
Supporting lower part of the vessel such as a tripod, normally attached to the base or vessel bottom after the vessel has got its form.
OREA
The red slip was applied onto the vessel and burnished.
Rot geglättet
red burnished
granulata ware
pellet decoration
Pottery covered with a coating of stones and then slipped with paint.
OREA
Granulatdekor
Rohmaterial
Material from which lithic object was made of.
lithic material
OREA
A short knife with a pointed and edged blade, used as a weapon.
Dolch
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/dagger
dagger
Datierungsmethode
dating method
Cannabis sativa
http://eol.org/pages/594919/overview
hemp
Hanf
spoon
Löffel
An implement consisting of a small, shallow oval or round bowl on a long handle, used for eating, stirring, and serving food.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.300.
andesit
Andesit
http://dbpedia.org/page/Andesite
An extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.
A free-standing raised vessel bottom with openings in its walls.
fenestrated pedestal
OREA
Durchbrochener Sockel
Durchbrochener Fuß
Standfuß
Lumineszenz
luminescence
luminescence dating
A range of techniques that use the build up of charge stored within a crystalline material to estimate its age.
dating: luminescence dating
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142155
OREA (M. Brami)
A building which is not attached nor supported by another building.
Freistehende Häuser
houses free-standing
other
A small find that is not a figurine, tool nor jewlry
4.99; 4.108; 4.109
Schildkröte
tortoise
http://eol.org/pages/8132/overview
pressure technique
Application of pressure to fracture raw materials. Pressure is applied with the narrow end of a tool made of wood, antler, bone or metal.
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP. p. 32.
Armreif
bracelet
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.45
An ornamental band or chain worn on the wrist or arm.
Meisel
chisel
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.67
A long-bladed hand tool with a beveled cutting edge, stuck with a hammer or mallet to cut or shape wood, stone, or metal.
Pottery decoration by cuting dots in the surface.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 247
incised-pointillé decoration
Ritzverzierter-Pointillé Dekor
A type of an archaeological site: settlement, cave or rockshelter, grave and cemetery, quarry, undefined.
area type
Grabungsareal Kategorie
OREA
http://eol.org/pages/594796/overview
Papaver somniferum
Mohn
poppy
spatula
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.297
A tool, usually of bone, lime, wood, ebony, turtleshell, etc., consisting of a broad but thin blade. It served many general purposes – spreading, mixing, scooping, lifting – including burnishing pottery, workworking pelts, spooning flour, etc.
Spatula
OREA
shell stamped
Pottery decorated with imprints of marine mollusc shell (cockle-cerastoderma edule)
cardium ware
Mit einer Muschel gestempelt
subsistence
wild bitter vetch
http://eol.org/pages/703201/overview
Vicia ervilia
Wilde Linsen-Wicke
spitzbodiger Becher
pointed beaker
barley
Hordeum vulgare
Gerste
http://eol.org/pages/1114455/overview
Stickstoff (N)
isotopes: nitrogen (N)
Stickstoffanalyse
Comparison of different proportions of natural occuring nitrogen isotope to determine what level of the food chain an organism was on and whether they were herbivore, a carnivore or an omnivore.
http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/isotopes/
nitrogen analysis
The fabric of a spongy vessel is quite coarse and contains many inclusions of limestone and plant matter which exploded or burnt out upon firing, leaving the surface pitted.
Biers, W. R. 1969. Excavations at Phlius, 1924 the prehistoric deposits. Hesperia: The journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Vol. 38, No.4. pp. 443-458. P. 446
spongy
Spongy
spongy ware
shell
Schale
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/shell
The hard protective outer case of a mollusc or crustacean.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 248
Pottery that is decorated in more than two colors, but the term is also sometimes applied to pottery with more than one color.
Polychrom
polychrome
OREA
black burnished with white paint (γ1α1)
Burnished black ware decorated with white paint.
Schwarz geglättet mit weißer Bemalung (C1a1)
Klingenkern
A core which main reduction leads to the detachment of blades (aim of knapping-blades).
blade core
OREA
Blade-core
OREA
red incrusted
Rot inkrustiert
The red slip was impressed into the surface of a ceramic vessel.
direct percussion
The action of striking one object with another. Direct percussion is directly applies by a hammer.
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP. p. 148.
Topf
OREA
An open vessel whose height can be equal or greater than their maximum diameter. They can occur in various sizes with various with or without necks.
jar
OREA
Bemalt
Paint applied to pottery.
painted
grooved with graphite
OREA
Pottery decoration in which broad lines are drawn on the firm but unbaked pot surface and painted graphite paint.
Kanneliert, mit Graphitbemalung
Speer
A pole weapon with a sharp point, either thrown or thrust at an enemy or prey.
spear
Lanze
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 298
unidirectional core
unidirektionaler Kern
OREA
A core with the main detachment from the one single platform
OREA
Steinwerkzeugherstellung
stone tool production
The activity of making physical items of stone that can be afterwards used to achive a certain goal.
half-timbered
timber-frame construction
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. p. 226.
Holzskelett
Constructed of wood framing with spaces filled with masonry, or by stone, rubble, or mud brick.
timber framing
timber frame
ring idol
Ringidol
survey
prospection
Prospektion
field survey
Geländeprospektion
deer
Lehmboden
clay floor
A clay layer on which people tread.
OREA
isotopes: strontium (Sr)
Strontiumanalyse
strontium analysis
http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/isotopes/
Strontium (Sr)
Comparison of different proportions of natural occuring strontium isotope to determine where a person came from or to distinguish individuals whose remains are comingeld but who come from different places.
graphite painted
OREA
Pottery decorated with graphite paint.
Graphitbemalt
almond
http://eol.org/pages/231567/overview
Mandel
Prunus amygdalus
Botanische Rückstände
botany
Remains of plants cultivated or used by man in ancient times and plants of ancient environment, which have survived in archaeological contexts.
plant remains
OREA
attachment
backed bladelet
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A small blade with one edge blunted, belongs to the category of microliths.
Pottery painted with red paint on brown ground.
red on brown
OREA
Rot auf braun
Tunnel shaped not preforated protuberance added to the wall of a pot to assist in hodling it.
Röhrenöse
tubular lug
tubular handle
OREA
Griffplatte
A cup with a foot/pedestal base.
OREA
chalice
Kelch
OREA
Pottery with brushed surface.
brushed
Gebürstet
Metall
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/metal
A solid material which is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good thermal conductivity (e.g. iron, gold, silver, steel).
metal
4.7
OREA
Bone used as material for production of different kinds of objects (tools, figurines etc).
bone
Knochen
4.021; 4.2
Any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other vertebrates. It can be used for radiocarbon dating.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bone
Horizontally flattened upper portion of a vessel.
flat-topped rim
OREA
Flachrand
roe deer
Capreolus capreolus
Reh
http://eol.org/pages/308479/overview
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plaque
plaque
An ornamental tablet, typically of metal or wood, that is fixed ro a wall or other surface in commemmoration.
Platte
OREA
A type of research conducted during archaeological investigation.
NotInDatabase
Forschungsart
research type
OREA
The activity of making physical items of bone that can be afterwards used to achive a certain goal.
Produktion von Knochenwekzeugen
bone tool production
Bericht physische Athropologie
Skeletal remains analyzed for sex, age at death, stature, and possible causes of death.
human remains report
http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/anthropologie-anthropology/
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
OREA
dating material
Datierbaresmaterial
Material used for dating procedures (using radiocarbon dating).
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/pastscape_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=68905
A protective earthen mound, often the main defence of a fortification.
enclosure rampart
Wall
rampart
retouched tool
A tool with retouches on a single edge at one end of a flake, accross its long axis. The retouched of a scraper is bigger than 60°. The tool was possibly used for flensing or softening hides and to dress skins.
Kratzerstirn auf Abschlag
end-scraper on flake
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A handle made from a strip of clay and attached to the body of the pot at two points before firing.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 305
Bandhenkel
strap handle
earring
An earring is a piece of jewellery attached to the ear via a piercing in the earlobe or another external part of the ear.
Ohrring
http://dbpedia.org/page/Earring
A container whose walls are completely or partially pierced used for separating liquids and solids.
Sieb
OREA
sieve
consecutive burials
OREA
The grave has been intersected with another grave.
Nachbestattung
A cylindrical box-like vessel with angular shoulders and lid.
pyxis
OREA
Pyxis
OREA
A system according to which houses in a settlement are arranged.
house layout
tel
An artificial mound made of a build-up of settlement debris.
OREA (M. Brami)
tell
Tell
tepe
Tepe
architecture
Feige
Ficus
http://dbpedia.org/page/Ficus
fig
Wheat or any other cultivated cereal used as food.
Korn
grain
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/grain
monochrome
Monochrom
Pottery painted with one or maximally two colors.
OREA
phallus
Phallus
A small carved or sculpted figure of a phallus, usually of clay, stone, wood, or metal.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.113
OREA
An archaeological site consisting of a grave or a complete cemetery.
cemetery or grave
OREA
post hole
A hole dug to provide a firm base for an upright post, often with stone packing found in a cave or a rockshelter as evidence of human occupation.
Pfostenloch
senile (60-)
Siedlungstyp
settlment type
A type of a settlement: tell or flat site.
OREA
halaf painted
OREA
Halaf Bemalung
Pottery decorated by imprinting of the clay with different types of objects.
https://standards.phorio.com/?t=definition&code=5935638133
plaza
square
An open paved area within a street system, traditionally used for open markets or large gatherings of people.
OREA
Figürlicher Reliefdekor
Pottery from which the decoration figure projects from the vessel by carving out the background.
figure relief decoration
truncation
A blade with a steep retouch made on a broken end.
Endretusche
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
OREA
grey on grey (γ1β)
Grau auf grau (C1b)
Pottery decorated with grey paint on grey ground.
thin plate
OREA
Plättchen
Decorated small ceramic plates of an unknown function.
wiped
The surface of the vessels is decorated with rough vertical, diagonal, or horizontal lines wiped in the moist clay.
Cline, E. H. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean. P. 407
scored
wiped ware
Eingekerbt
Age group of human remains.
Altersgruppe
age group
Cicer reticulatum
http://eol.org/pages/643350/overview
Wilde Kirchererbse
wild chickpea
Type of survey involving the drilling of deep and narrow shafts in the gorund used to describe deposits, understand stratigraphy and collect cores amples.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145112
borehole survey
Bohrung
unretouched tool
Surface treatment of rubbing and smooting the surface of a vessel when it is leather-hard (before firing) with a hard tool made out of wood, stone or bone in order to obtain a bright, even, compact, and non-porous surface.
OREA
burnished
Geglättet
OREA
Bandhenkel mit Hornaufsatz
A handle made from a strip of clay with pointy (horn) application.
horned strap handle
mammal
OREA
Black ware decorated with burnished patterns, normally the inside of the open bowls.
black pattern burnished (γ1α2)
Politurmuster
Schwarz mustergeglättet (C1a2)
Einwärts gekrümmte Knickwandschale
carinated incurved bowl
A low, open vessel with inward bent walls.
OREA
sheep/goat
Schaf/Ziege
Ovis/Capra
flake industry
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP. p. 143.
Human action applied to raw materials in order to transform them into flakes.
cicrular scraper
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
round scraper
A discoid scraper with completely retouched convex edge. Synonym: round scraper, discoid scraper.
flake core
A core which main reduction leads to the detachment of flakes (aim of knapping-flakes).
OREA
Abschlagkern
Flake-core
Felsdach
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. p. 483.
A natural cave with a roof of overlying rock, which extends beyond the sides of the cave; a cave that is formed by a ledge of overhanging rock. Such a shallow cave or cliff overhang was used by humans as shelter from the elements, especially among hunters
rock shelter
mature (41-60)
Ware mit ausgeschnittenem Dekor und Graphitbemalung
Pottery decoration produced by cutting strips or shapes out of the soft clay surface before firing and painted with graphite paint.
OREA
excised with graphite
excised-with-graphite
smooth ware
Geschmiert
OREA
smeared
Middle Helladic smeared ware.
red fox
Vulpes vulpes
http://eol.org/pages/328609/overview
roter Fuchs
http://eol.org/pages/328647/overview
donkey
Equus asinus
Esel
Pottery decorated by poking the clay with a pointed object.
Eingedrückter Musterdekor
OREA
pattern jabbed
core
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/terrazzo
terrazzo floor
Floor consisting of chips of marble or granite set in concrete and polished to give a smooth surface involving a complex firing procedure.
Terazzo Boden
A shallow platter with flat bottom and long handle apparently used for food preparation.
baking pan
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm
Backplatte
Double flat handle.
double tab handle
Doppelter Grifflappen
OREA
shaft tomb
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
shaft grave
A grave in which the burial chamber was reached by a vertical shaft, the burials themselves placed at the bottom of a deep narrow pit. The tomb was usually rectangular, and the burial chamber was roofed and the shaft above it filled in.
Schachtgrab
The branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.
metallurgy
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/metallurgy
Metallurgie
A concept schema related to the class Area (and Research Event) in the database.
rim attachment
Randaufsatz
OREA
An add-on made of clay attached to the upper part of a vessel between the lip or margin and the side wall or neck of a vessel.
small finds
OREA
Kleinfund
Artifacts that can be picked up and transported, as opposed to features excluding pottery, stone tools and organic finds.
Graugans
Anser anser
graylag goose
http://eol.org/pages/1047334/overview
Pottery painted with one color without decoration.
OREA
monochrome red (a1)
Monochrom rot (A1)
The study of pollen grains in soil samples from an archaeological site, which provides information on ancient human use of plansts and plant resources.
pollen analysis
pollen
Pollenanalyse
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
archaeobotany: pollen
great bustard
http://eol.org/pages/915364/overview
Otis tarda
Großtrappe
OREA
A cave or a rockshelter used by early humans.
cave or rockshelter
A laboratory preparation of pottery (or other materials such as rock, mineral, soil, bones) for tracing the movement of pottery and assicuated trade through provenance determination.
ceramics: thin section analysis
Dünnschliffanalyse
thin section analysis
thin section
OREA
OREA
interpretation
Archaeologist's interpretation of areas/finds etc.
OREA
An object used for fishing.
fishing object
Canis lupus
http://eol.org/pages/328607/overview
wolf
Wolf
Polychrom geglättet
OREA
Pottery painted with more than two colors and polished before firing.
polychrome burnished
fikirtepe box
OREA
Fikirtepe Box
A small angular vessel with four legs, decorated on the outside, typically found in Fikirtepe.
A liminal horizontal loop handle with a bird-bone shape.
Gabelhenkel
wishbone handle
OREA
Wishbonehenkel
A limited programme of intrusive fieldwork which determines the presence or absence of archaeological features, structures, deposits, artefacts or ecofacts within a specified underwater area.
underwater evaluation
Testgrabung Unterwasser
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=163243
The age of human remains has been noted in a specialist report.
part of specialist report
OREA
Birnenförmiger Topf
piriform jar
OREA
A pear-shaped high and open vessel with a maximal diameter generally at the belly.
Kegel
Small, elongated pyramid made of controlled mixtures of ceramic materials in a numbered sequence that softens and bends when heated.
cone
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 79
quartzite
Quarzit
https://www.britannica.com/science/quartzite
A sandstone that has been converted into a solid quartz rock. Unlike sandstones, quartzites are free from pores and have a smooth fracture. Used to produce lithics.
3.17
none recorded
OREA
The type of grave, dating method of finds or the site has not been recorded in the documentation.
nicht bestimmt
The study of material culture centers upon objects, their properties, and the materials that they are made of, and the ways in which these material facets are central to an understanding of culture and social relations.
materielle Kultur
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/obo/9780199766567-0085
material culture
Kalkstein
limestone
http://dbpedia.org/page/Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Used as a building material or production of smaller objects.
5.3
pink ware
Ware of pink color.
Rosa Ware
OREA
limestone floor
Kalksteinboden
The lower surface of a room, on which one may walk, made of limestone.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/floor
OREA
building shape
Grundriss
Ground plan shape of a building (apsidal, circular, ovoid, rectangular…)
Pottery decorated by cuts into the surface.
incised
Ritzverziert
OREA
Henkel mit pilzförmigem Aufsatz
mushroom handle
mushroom headed handle
OREA
A handle with an applied round object on a stem made of clay.
Porphyr
porphyry
http://dbpedia.org/page/Porphyry_(geology)
Porphyry is a textural term for an igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Limb_(anatomy)
Extrimität
Gliedmaß
extremity
A jointed, or prehensile, appendage of the human or other animal body.
OREA
Monochrom geglättet
Burnished pottery painted with one color.
monochrome burnished
pit-house
OREA (M. Brami)
A semi-subterranean structure with domestic features.
pit house
wheat
Weizen
Tritcum aestivum
http://eol.org/pages/1115240/overview
Different kinds of minerals used to produce small finds and lithics.
OREA
Mineral
mineral
4.026
Schwarz auf weiß (B3a3)
OREA
Pottery decorated with black paint added on white ground.
black on white (b3α3)
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=163244
Controlled intrusive fieldwork which examines, records and interprets arechaeological depostis, features and structures and, as appripriate, retrieves artefacts and ecofats within a specific underwater area.
Unterwassergrabung
excavation: underwater
underwater excavation
river delta
Flussdelta
A river mouth in which a river devides into smaller rivers, because of the sediment dropped by the river.
Braun geglättet
brown burnished
BBW
OREA
Burnished brown ware.
Gürtelhaken
belt hook
A small decorative and functional object used as a garment hook
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.33
Vogel
Aves
bird
http://eol.org/pages/695/overview
askos
Askos
An assymetrical vessel, often squat and duck-shaped, with an off-center mouth, convex top, and single arching handle.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 18
mortuary feature
Befunde
animal remains species
Netzgewicht
Netzsenker
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.214
sinker
A term applied loosely to any perforated stone or terra cotta object that may have been used to keep a fishing net vertical in the water.
net weight
net sinker
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ochre
Ocker
An earthy pigment containing ferric oxide, typically with clay, catying from light yellow to brown red. Extracted from a quarry site.
ochre
Dendrochronologie
The measuring of annual tree-ring growth shown by most tree species in temperated regions. Regional chronologies are required to date any particular priece of wood, the longest of which, for Germany, works for the present to approximately 14 years ago.
dendrochronology
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142131
dating: dendrochronology
http://eol.org/pages/328660/overview
Capra hircus
Ziege
goat
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=147552
Luftbildauswertung
The interpretation of information on aerial photographs usually resulting in the production of maps and records of archaeological sites and landscapes. Many aerial photographs may be consulted for a single analytical survey.
aerial photograph interpretation
production
A concept schema related to class Area in database.
Miniaturbandhenkel
OREA
A very small strip of clay attached to the vessel body before firing.
miniature strap handle
Pottery decorated by cuts into the surface.
Ritzverziert (C2)
OREA
incised (γ2)
OREA
patterned urfirnis
Pattern painted decoration with loustrous paint.
Musterverzierter Urfirnis
OREA
Schmukproduktion
jewellery production
The activity of making physical items used as personal ornament.
OREA
Pottery painted with red paint on yellow ground.
rot auf gelb
red on yellow
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
bladelet
A narrow blade which usually can be defined with the width less than 12mm. (Micro-blade would be then a small blade with the width under 8mm).
stone socket
Steinsockel
Galepsos ware
Schwarz auf rot
OREA
Pottery decorated with black paint added on red ground.
black on red
A curved part of the vessel which provides support with a semicircular cross-section.
rounded base
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm
Runder Boden
male figurine
A small carved or sculpted figure of a male human, usually of clay, stone, wood, or metal.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.113
Männliche Figur
Ohrhenkel
A vertical loop handle in a shape of an ear.
ear handle
OREA
https://standards.phorio.com/?t=definition&code=7120921898
A distinct piece of land with a continuous surface or a network of surfaces formed artificially, either using man-made materials or constructed out of stable, non-planted natural materials like gravel.
paved road
paved way
paved area
skull
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/skull
A bone framework enclosing the brain of a vertebrate; the skeleton of a person's or animal's head.
cranium
Ausguss
OREA
A tube or lip projecting from a vessel, through which liquid can be poured.
spout
Phosphoranalyse
The analysis of the amount of phosphorus (P) present in a soil.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142197
soil analysis: soil phosphorus analysis
soil phosphorus analysis
excavation: undetermined
OREA
Kragenhalsamphore
collared jar
A closed vessel with two or non handles with a raised band or series of bands at the base of the neck.
dross
Scum formed by oxidation at the surface of molten merals.
Schrott
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 99
http://eol.org/pages/5835380/overview
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides
Wilder Emmer
wild emmer
red on white
Rot auf weiß
Pottery painted with red paint on white ground.
OREA
jaw
https://www.britannica.com/science/jaw
Either of a par of bones that form the framework of the mouth of vertebrate animals, usually containing teeth and including a movable lower jaw (mandible) and fixed upper jaw (maxilla).
Standring
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm
A circular clay band encircling the bottom of the vessel and often occurred on wheelmade vessels. This base may also be elevated.
ring base
Stone tool
Steingerät
Steinwerkzeug
lithics
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 300
Flachboden
Flat lower portion of a vessel from the lower boudary of the body to the place that would normally be in contact with the surface on which the vessel rested.
flat base
Persica vulgaris
peach
http://eol.org/pages/631649/overview
Pfirsich
OREA
A hole dug into the ground used for rubbish disposal.
Abfallgrube
waste pit
male individuals
mänlich
http://dbpedia.org/page/Male
OREA
Schwarz auf rot (B3a2b)
black on red (β3α2b)
Pottery decorated with black paint added on red ground.
http://eol.org/pages/30089/overview
sea club-rush
Schoenoplectus
Strandbinse
A naturally raised area of land, not as high as a moutain.
hill
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hill
Hügel
The activity of mining and removing valuable metals from an ore and refining extracted metals into a purer form or production of alloy
metal production
Metallproduktion
OREA
punched
Pierced/drilled pottery decoration.
OREA
Lochdekor
OREA
enclosure undetermined
An enclosure of a settlement has been recognized, but not indentified.
OREA
Organisches Material
Organic material that was used to create objects.
organic
organisch
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 305
Hoisting handle made from a strip of clay and attached to the body of the pot at two points before firing.
Hochgezogener Bandhenkel
high strap handle
Sauerstoffisotopenanalyse
dating: oxygen isotope analysis
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142178
oxygen isotope analysis
The use of oxygen (O) isotope rations in ice or ocean sedimet cores to data global environmental change.
houses agglutinated
Agglutunierende Häuser
Tightly clustered buildings.
OREA (M. Brami)
Schmuck
http://dbpedia.org/page/Jewellery
jewellery
jewelry
Jewellery or jewelry consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes, and the term is restricted to durable ornaments, exclud
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
burin
Stichel
A specialized engraving tool which bears a negative surface created by the removal of a burin spall (cut diagonally downward from the part of the blade/flake edge).
mortar
Part of an ancient device for processing plant foods, usually used with a pestle. It was a stone or wooden receptacle with a cupshaped depression.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.205.
Mörser
ceramic analysis
Krug
OREA
jug
A closed vessel designed for pouring, usually with a pouring lip/spout. It may have one handle or none—typically, one.
Glimmerschiefer
A medium-grade metamorphic rock with medium to large, flat, sheet-like grains in a preferred orientation (nearby grains are roughly parallel). It is defined by having more than 50% platy and elongated minerals, often finely interleaved with quartz and fel
schist
http://dbpedia.org/page/Schist
bowl
Schüssel
OREA
A container whose height can measure from 1/3 to equal the amount of ist maximum diameter.
platform
Plattform
A raised surface.
OREA
Huhn
Gallus gallus domesticus
http://eol.org/pages/45890770/overview
chicken
Vicia faba
http://eol.org/pages/703202/overview
Ackerbohne
fava bean
http://eol.org/pages/15584/overview
gazelle
Gazelle
A concept schema related to the Area and Research Event in the database.
subadult
plastered threshold
Schwelle aus Mörtel
A strip of plaster forming the bottom of a doorway and crossed in entering a house or room.
Human action applied to raw materials in order to transform them into blades.
blade industry
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP. p. 143.
Pottery with roughened surface which may or may not have an applied slip. The roughening may be achieved using fingers, fingernails, twigs, etc., and though it may be pure decoration, in most cases it is probably a device to prevent a greasy pot slipping
rustiziert
rusticated
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 275
straw
Sried stalks of grain used as building material.
Stroh
OREA
hay
The animal remains found were incomplete.
incomplete
OREA
Wicke
Vicia
http://eol.org/pages/13463/overview
vetch
neonate
pit grave
Grubengrab
completness of animal remains
side-scraper
Schaber
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A tool with a retouch on one or both lateral edge of a flake.
side scraper
finds
OREA
Artefacts, animal and plant remains found
secondary deposition
lead
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology
A soft, heavy, silvery-coloured metal (Pb) with a low melting point that was alloyed with copper and tin to make bronze tools and weapons. Extracted from a quarry site.
Blei
Pyrus
Birne
pear
http://eol.org/pages/29920/overview
OREA
ovoid
A building with a rounded, slightly enlongated ground plan.
oval
retouched blade
retuschierte Klinge
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A blade with retouch on one or both edges.
OREA
Raw material that has been exploited at a quarry site.
raw material
core preparation
laser scanning survey
LS
The recording of a surface, or surfaces, using scanning technologies, to create a 3D model of the target structure/object.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=146342
Laserscanning
A lip plug or ornament inserted in an incision in the lower lip, often made of shell, bone, ivory, metal, stone, wood, or pottery.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 171
Lippenpflock
lip plug
labret
OREA
Big closed storage vessel with narrow neck and mouth and usually with two handles at the top. The body is usually oval and long, with a pointed bottom.
Amphore
amphora
Schermaus
http://dbpedia.org/page/Water_vole
water vole
archeobotany
building
Describing everything in connection to a building found on a site (settlement or undifined site) such as building technique, type and shape.
OREA
https://www.britannica.com/science/silver
silver
Silver (Ag), chemical element, a white, lustrous metal valued for its decorative beauty and electrical conductivity. Extracted from a quarry site.
Silber
Observations made by antiquarians - those who studied sites and landscapes prior to archaeology and architectural history becoming established disciplined in the 19th century - and reported through publivation or from unpublished manuscripts.
Altgrabung/-untersuchung
antiquarian observation
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=14634
http://eol.org/pages/328663/overview
Wildschwein
wild board
Sus scrofa
base
Becher
OREA
mug
A small, narrow, deep, drinking vessel with straight sides.
lithic production
OREA
flat based oval bowl
ovale Schüssel mit flachem Boden
A shallow open vessel of oval shape and flat lower portion.
white on red (β3α1)
OREA
Pottery painted with white paint on red ground.
Weiß auf rot (B3a1)
intrusive
Intrusiv
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.37
Klinge
blade
A long, narrow, sharp-edged, thin flake of stone, used especially as a tool. This flake was detached by striking from a prepared core, often with a hammer. Its length is usually at least twice the width. The blade may be a tool in itself, or may be the blank from which a two-edged knife, burin, or spokeshave was manufactured.
4.68
plug
A short cylindrical piece of jewellery commonly worn in larger-gauge body piercings.
earspool
ear plug
http://dbpedia.org/page/Plug_(jewellery)
Ohrstecker
millet
Schlacht
mine shaft
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/pastscape_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=69348
A vertical or inclined excavation giving access to an underground mine.
Anthropomorphe Figur
anthropomorphic figurine
A small carved or sculpted figure of a human, usually of clay, stone, wood, or metal.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.113
The location of the site.
NotInDatabase
OREA
geographic location
http://eol.org/pages/1228387/overview
Hund
dog
Canis familiaris
Mineralogie
mineralogy
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mineralogy
The scientific study of minerals.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.113
A small carved figure of a human or animal of stone.
stone figurine
Steinfigur
OREA
A defined empty spave surrounded by one or several buildings (courtyard, square).
place
OREA
The animal remains found were complete.
complete
Saat-Platterbse
Lathyrus sativus
http://eol.org/pages/703183/overview
grass pea
An opaque, fine-grained or dense variety of the silica mineral chert that exhibits various colours. Chiefly brick red to brownish red, it owes its colour to admixed hematite; but when it occurs with clay admixed, the colour is a yellowish white or gray, o
https://www.britannica.com/topic/jasper-mineral
Jaspis
jasper
5.5
Nadel
needle
A very thin pointed piece of metal or bone with a hole or eye for thread at the blunter end, used in sewing.
http://eol.org/pages/703192/overview
pea
Erbse
Pisum sativum
Hülsenfrucht
pulse
Legume
infans ii (7-12)
Wiped surface.
Ausgewischt
wiped
OREA
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. p. 440.
pile dwelling
A building with platforms raised on posts above open water or on damp ground at water´s edge.
OREA
incised (b2)
Pottery decorated by cuts into the surface.
Ritzverziert (B2)
Anas platyrhynchos
mallard duck
duck
Ente
http://eol.org/pages/1047918/overview
Stockente
aurochs
http://eol.org/pages/10408207/overview
Bos primigenius
Auerochs
A long trough from which horses or cattle feed.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/manger
Krippe
manger
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.333
vessel
An object used as a container (especially for liquids) typically of clay.
Gefäß
A variety of seeds may be preserved on archaeologcal sites by charring, grain impressions, or as a result of waterlogging. They may be the seeds of weed plants, fruits, pulses, or the grains of cereals.
seed
Samen
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P.502
airborne laser scanning (ALS)
LIDAR
Light detection and ranging device is mounted on an aircraft to recird reflected laser pulses. The data can be used to produce digital elevation models.
Airborne laser scanning (ALS)
LiDAR
ALS
lidar
airborne laser scanning
OREA
Hard solid non-metallic mineral matter of which rock is made, especailly as a building material.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/stone
Different kinds of stone used to produce small finds and lithics; stone that has been extraced from a querry site.
Stein
stone
rock
OREA
4.025; 4.072; 6.11
scoop
Schöpfgefäß
OREA
A vessel used for scooping of liquids or solids.
Projektilspitze
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
arrowhead
projectile point
point
Pfeilspitze
A pointed retouched artefact, with or without tang for hafting, used for the purposes of hunting or warfare.
5.70
OREA
orange fein Ware
orange fine ware
installation
OREA
An installed mostly communal facilities such as pits, kilns etc. that were found in space between residential buildings.
sex
Geschlecht
Obsidian, natural glass of volcanic origin that is formed by the rapid cooling of viscous lava. Obsidian is extremely rich in silica, low in water, and has a chemical composition similar to rhyolite.
obsidian
Obsidian
Encyclopaedia Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/science/obsidian
5.1
pithos
A large storage vessel with thick walls with a narrow neck. On occasion they were also used for jar burial in the Aegean area.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 243
Pithos
pronged wishbone handle
OREA
Gabelhenkel mit Stabaufsatz
A liminal, horizontal, bird-bone shaped, loop handle with bar application.
grave disturbance
Grabmanupulation
topped
mature-senile (51-70)
A common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface.
basalt
http://dbpedia.org/page/Basalt
Basalt
scraped (a3ε)
Ausgewischt (A3e)
http://www.ime.gr/chronos/01/en/nl/mn/mn_potfr.html
The whitish surface of the vessel is covered completely with a red colour, from which parallel bands are then scraped off. Typical for Thessaly and central Greece.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=70202
A shaft or pit dug in the ground over a supplyof spring-water.
well
Brunnen
next to cave
http://eol.org/pages/25172/overview
Thunnus
Thunfisch
tuna
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=560&term_no=142131
Dendrochronologie
The measuring of annual tree-ring growth shown by most tree species in temperated regions. Regional chronologies are required to date any particular priece of wood, the longest of which, for Germany, works for the present to approximately 14000 years ago.
dendrochronology
A rectangular building with a semi-circular recess on one sinde.
rectangular-apsidal
OREA
red deer
http://eol.org/pages/328649/overview
Rothirsch
Cervus elaphus
Bi-directional core
A core with two, opposed knapping platforms.
bidirectional core
bidirektionaler Kern
OREA
bifacial core
stable isotope analysis
Isotopanalyse
Pottery decorated with black paint added on white ground.
OREA
schwarz auf weiß
black on white
crested flake
adobe
Lehmziegel
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. p. 372.
A brick dried in the sun rather than baked, used for construction in dry climates.
mud brick
stone setting
OREA
Steinsetzung
An arrangement of one or more standing stones inside or in the vicinity of a cave or a rockshelter as a sign of human occupation.
5.6
A place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided to store food and other goods inside of a cave or a rockshelter as evidence of human occupation.
Lagerungseinrichtungen
OREA
storage facilities
Staatgans
Anser fabalis
http://eol.org/pages/1048449/overview
bean goose
A particular type of retouched blade appearing in the region of the Upper Mesopotamia during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, named after the site of Çayönü. Function unknown due to the dull edges and special type fo the retouch.
çayönü tool
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
Çayönü Werkzeug
tablet
Grab
grave
cremation
Kugelförmiger Topf
globular jar
A small narrow mouthed jar with hemispherical, ovoid, or spherical body.
OREA
Kugeltopf
pig
Schwein
Sus scrofa domesticus
http://eol.org/pages/4445650/overview
radiolarite
Radiolarite is a siliceous, comparatively hard, fine-grained, chert-like, and homogeneous sedimentary rock that is composed predominantly of the microscopic remains of radiolarians used to make stone tools and weapons.
Radiolarit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolarite
Bos taurus
http://eol.org/pages/328699/overview
cattle
Rind
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142155
dating: lead isotope dating
lead isotope dating
Bleiisotopendatierung
A technique which uses the measurement of decay in radioactive lead (Pb) isotopes to determine a date. Useful for sediments and lead-based paints between 1 and 4 years old.
micro end scraper
Every scraper with the length or width less than 25mm. According to the size, it can belong to the category of microliths.
Mikrokratzer
micro end-scraper
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
dating: radiocarbon dating
The measurement of the ration of the radioactive Carbon 14 (C-14) isotope and non-radioactive carbon isotopes. Useful for dating organic materials such as wood and bone between 5 and 45 years old.
C14-Datierung
C14
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=142188
C14 dating
OREA
Jar-like containers that have a human form.
Anthropomorphes Gefäß
anthropomorphic vessel
Zoomorpher Griffaufsatz
OREA
zoomorphic handle attachment
A handhold in a shape of an animal.
Tierkopfgriff
oven
Ofen
A fire installation with a closed chamber.
M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
field walking survey
Feldbegehung
systematisch Feldbegehung
Feldbegehung: nicht bestimmt
unsystematisch Feldbegehung
Hausmodell
A small carved or sculpted model of a house, usually of clay or stone.
OREA
house model
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 146
A digging implement consisting of a blade set at right angles to a long handle (haft). Early hoes had stone or wooden blades.
Hacke
hoe
OREA (M. Brami)
A rectangular buidling with a strong imbalance in the lenght:width ratio. Typical for the Central European Neolithic (Linearbandkeramik Culture).
longhouse
wall painting
A blade (rarely flake) with the gloss which occurs on the edge of the artefact, and which is caused by the wear of the blade against the phytoliths in the grasses being reaped. Usually inserted in a bone, antler or wooden handle, as a part of composite to
sickle blade
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
juvenile (13-18)
chert
Encyclopaedia Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/science/chert#ref272901
Kieselschiefer
Chert is a very fine-grained quarz and a silica mineral. Several varieties are included under the general term: jasper, chalcedony, agate, flint, porcelanite, and novaculite. In Neolithic it was used for tools and weapon.
Gestein
5.3; 5.5
slate
http://geology.com/rocks/slate.shtml
Schiefer
ophiolite
Encyclopaedia Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/science/ophiolite
Ophiolith
Angesetzte Scheiben
Pottery decorated with a disc shaped application.
OREA
applied disc
A long depression in the land surface, usually containing a river, formed by erosion or by movements in the earth's crust.
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/valley
valley bottom
Talsohle
An ear-shaped protuberance added to the wall of a pot to assist in hodling it. After attachment it was perforated. The hole was designed to take a cord or thong only and it was not a true handle.
preforated lug
Schnuröse
stringhole lug
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 184
Situated in the interior rather than on the coast.
Im Landesinneren
inland
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/inland
Bar shaped handhold added to the wall of a pot to assist in holding it.
Leistengriff
ledge lug
OREA
grooved
fluted
Kannelur
Kanneliert
Pottery decoration in which broad lines are drawn on the firm but unbaked pot surface. No clay is removed, as it is in excised decoration, nor is the surface itself broken, as with incised decoration.
gerillt
channeled
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 136
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
OREA
textile production
The activity of making cloth or wover fabric.
Textilproduktion
hindlimb
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hindlimb
Either of the two back limbs of an animal.
A structure enclosing a settlement.
OREA
settlement enclosure
Schüssel
OREA
deep bowl
A low open vessel with rim diameter same or smaller than height.
Deckel
OREA
A shape used for covering vessels.
lid
pinge
A wedge-, ditch- or funnel-shaped depression in the terrain caused by mining activity. This depression or sink-hole is frequently caused by the collapse of old underground mine workings that are close to the Earth's surface.
Pinge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinge
Getreidesorte
grain crop
OREA
Tasse
A small open vessel for drinking from, usually with a handle.
cup
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/pastscape_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=68668
storage pit
A pit dug in the ground used to store foodstuffs.
Vorratsgrube
Steinanalyse
lithics analysis
monochrome urfirnis
Monochromer Urfirnis
OREA
Pottery painted with white paint on white ground.
red on red
OREA
Pottery painted with red paint on red ground.
rot auf rot
NotInDatabase
special analysis
A type of special analysis conducted during an archaeological investigation.
OREA
A concept schema related to the particular Site properties.
A concept schema for terms that are not present in the database, but are essential for hierarchy of terms related to the period (Area class)
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
A concept scheme related to the particular Research Event properties
A concept schema related to the particular properties of Research Event.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular properties of Research Event in the database.
A concept schema related to the particular Interpretation properties.
Goblet Becher
OREA
A deep vessel with straight sides and pedestal, two liminal hoisting handles.
goblet
OREA (M. Brami)
t-pillar
T-Pfeiler
A megalithic pillar cut in a T-shape, typical of the Southeast Anatolian PPNA.
Abhang
hillside
slope
The sloping side of a hill.
Hang
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hillside
Fernerkundung
remote sensing
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
Einlegearbeit
inlay
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 154
Placement of one material, either glass or metal, into a prepared depression (reservoir) on the surface of an item for decorative purposes.
A term describing a wall made of mud or clay, not formed into separate bricks but shaped, rammed, or piled up into walls in situ.
Stampflehm
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. p. 441.
pisé
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
OREA
black and white on red (polychrome) (β3β)
Pottery decorated with black and red paint on cream ground (polychrome).
Schwarz und weiß auf rot (polychrom) (B3b)
Art der menschlichen Überreste
human remains type
A round object used in games.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 26
ball
Ball
A type of evidence pointing to the existence of a quarry
quarry type
OREA
Abbauart
Zeichen
Small artifacts, generally of clay, made into cones, shperes, disks, or cylinders, tetrahedrons with usually plain surface. Such objects were used on Early Neolithic sites in western Asia as counters to keep records of goods.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 319
token
Tablett
tray
MN Urfirnis deep bowl with deep linear incisions in the interior of the bowl.
Vitelli 1993, 185-187
gouged bowl
”Gouged Bowl”
Pottery decorated with glaze-like paint. The pottery has a buff fabric decorated with a dark lustrous slip or glaze. The sauce boat and the askos are the most norable shapes.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 329
Monochrom undekoriert (B1)
monochrome undecorated (b1)
Equus caballus
Pferd
horse
http://eol.org/pages/328648/overview
Spondylus is a genus of bivalve molluscs, the only genus in the family Spondylidae.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Spondylus
spondylus shell
Stachelaustern
plastered floor
A layer of plaster on which people tread.
OREA
animal remains part
bead
A small, circular, tubular, or oblong ornament with a perforated center; usually made from shell, stone, bone, or glass.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.32
Perle
A fragment of a core (regardless typology, used when the core is incomplete, or the main type cannot be determined due to fragmentation)
OREA
core fragment
Pottery painted with white paint on red ground.
Weiß auf rot
white on red
OREA
game
Wild
OREA
Jagd
The activity of hunting wild animals or game for food, fur, bone (for bone tool production) etc.
hunting
Scheiterhaufen
pyre
wooden floor
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/floor
The lower surface of a room, on which one may walk, made of wood.
Holzboden
A concept schema related to the particular Interpretation properties.
tank
A container for storing liquid.
Wasserbecken
OREA
Pottery decorated by impressing of mat into the surface.
mat-impressed
OREA
Mattenabdrücke
monochrom weiß
Pottery painted with yellow paint on yellow ground.
OREA
monochrome white
https://standards.phorio.com/?t=definition&code=6532938992
An accessible open-air space surrounded on three or four sides.
courtyard
OREA
Orange ware made from well purified clay.
monochrome yellow
monochrom gelb
A blade with both blunted edges. According to size, backed blades are different from backed bladelets, which belong to the category of microliths.
double-baked blade
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
Castor fiber
beaver
Biber
http://eol.org/pages/1036116/overview
einkorn wheat
Triticum monococcum
http://eol.org/pages/1115242/overview
Einkorn
A heavy object used to moor a ship to the sea bottom, typically having a metal shank with a pair of curved, barbed flukes.
anchor
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.10
Anker
chipped disk
OREA
husking bowl
“Husking Bowl”
A bowl used for husking cereals.
husking tray
rectangular
OREA
A building with a rectangular ground plan.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.113
Weibliche Figur
A small carved or sculpted figure of a female human, usually of clay, stone, wood, or metal.
female figurine
quartz
Widely distributed mineral of many varieties that consists primarily of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2).
https://www.britannica.com/science/quartz
5.6
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=1&term_no=70398
pit
Grube
A hole or cavity in the ground, either natural or the result of human activity.
Granit
A common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in color, depending on their mineralogy.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Granite
granite
Prunus americana
wild plum
Wilde Pflaume
http://eol.org/pages/301085/overview
http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/isotopes/
isotopes: oxygen (O)
Comparison of different proportions of natural occuring oxygen isotope to determine of an individual moved to different geographic areas during their lifetime or if two or more people are from the same area.
Sauerstoffanalyse
Sauerstoff (O)
oxygen analysis
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete hardening and drying of clay, metal etc.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Kiln
Brennofen
kiln
Technologie
lithics technology
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.50
A tool used to polish the surface of an artifact.
burnisher
Polierer
smoother
Human remains were found on the site.
OREA
human remains presence
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145172
Sondage
test pit
Systematically positioned hole, or holes, utilised in all studies that aim to sample the nature of the topsoil and subsurface deposits.
A floor construction inside of a building.
OREA
floor
Walking surface in an open space.
5.094
A clay-made construction.
OREA
clay structure
Lehmstruktur
A manmade construction of clay found inside of a cave or rockshelter as the evidence for human occupation.
5.6
Gold
http://dbpedia.org/page/Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal.
gold
storage systems
Feuerbock
fire dog
fire-dog
An instrument consisting of an iron bar held horizontally at one end by an upright support, used to ensure the proper burning of a fire. A pair of these were put at each side of the hearth or fireplace to support burning wood; the end of a long could rest on the crosspiece, which was supported by two uprights.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.114
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.87
crucible
A small, coarse pottery (or other refractory material) vessel used for holding molten metal during melting, testing, or casting.
Schmelztiegel
OREA
area
A particular part of the site, defined by its geolocation, period, as well as its type
Abschlag
flake
pattern painted
Musterbemalt
http://eol.org/pages/4447671/overview
wild sheep
Wildschaf
Ovis orientalis
barbotine
OREA
Barbotineverziert
slip trailing
Pottery decorated with a rather thick slip is used for decorating vessels.
Eingobenmalerei
A gully or groove usually used to drain or channel water.
OREA
Kanal
channel
emmer wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum
Emmer
http://eol.org/pages/1114086/overview
M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
A raised flat stone surface with a ridge.
stone platform
microblade
evaluation
Evaluierung
Nicht-intrusiv
non-intrusive
Ungeglättet
OREA
unburnished
A vessle that was not polished with a dull surface.
pendant
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.236
Anhänger
An adronment that hangs from a piece of jewelry (necklace or earring).
Encyclopaedia Britannica – https://www.britannica.com/science/clay-geology
Bodenart
Lehm
Ton
clay
Clay, soil paricles the diameters of which are less than 0.005 mm; also a rock that is composed essentially of clay particles. Clay materials are plastic when wet, and coherent when dry. Clay has variety of use such as pottery making and as building material.
4.6
human remains
menschliche Überreste
http://eol.org/pages/581568/overview
Gemeiner Lein/Flachs
flax
Linum usitatissimum
OREA
Ackerbau
The activity of cultivating the land by growing crops.
farming
Pottery decorated with brown paint on buff ground also known as matt-painted.
OREA
brown on buff (matt painted) (b3ε)
Braun auf hell (mattbemalt) (B3e)
pedestal base
OREA
Standfuß
Pedestal
Sockel
Platte
OREA
Teller
A very low or even flat vessel.
plate
http://dbpedia.org/page/Blackberry
blackberry
Brombeere
Pottery decoration by impressing of material into the surface of a ceramic object.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 153
incrusted
Inkrustiert
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hole
A hollow place in a surface, natural or man-made.
hole
nicht bestimmt
sex not specified
The sex of the found human remains was not determined or could not be specified.
OREA
Controlled investigation, recording and removal of archaeological deposits under threat of destruction from building development.
Rettungsgrabung
excavation: rescue
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145157
rescue excavation
wire
Metal drawn out into a thin flexible thread or rod.
Draht
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 341
Vicia ervilia
Linsen-Wicke
http://eol.org/pages/703201/overview
bitter vetch
A common feature of archaeological sites in association with defensive structures, as means of drainage, or as a construction trench.
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
enclosure ditch
Graben
ditch
A concept schema related to the particular Interpretation properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
knob
Griff
Knubbe
OREA
Round application with a semicircular cross section.
black burnished
Burnished black ware.
Schwarz geglättet
OREA
lentil
Linsen-Wicke
Lens culinaris
Linsen
http://eol.org/pages/647510/overview
brown on buff
Braun auf hell
OREA
Pottery decorated with brown paint on buff ground.
Nadel
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 241
One of the simplest artifacts, consisting of a narrow metal or bone shaft with a point at one end and usually some sort of decorative head at the other. Ist function was to secure garments (ancestral to the fibula), or, sometimes, the hair.
pin
pavement
A floor of surface-covering of flags, stones, tiles, or bricks accurately fitted in masonry with or without a bond material.
http://triggs.djvu.org/century-dictionary.com/djvu2jpgframes.php?volno=05&page=779&query=pavement
Pflasterung
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ornament
ornament
Ornament
A thing used or serving to make something look more attractive but usually having no practical purpose,
Knickwandschale
OREA
A low, open vessel with bent walls.
carinated bowl
Rot on red (A3c)
OREA
Pottery painted with red paint on red ground.
red on red (a3γ)
Herzmuscheln
cardium shell
A cockle is a small, edible, saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc.
Cockle
http://dbpedia.org/page/Cockle_(bivalve)
cardium
http://dbpedia.org/page/Olive
Olive
olive
wild lentil
Lens orientalis
http://eol.org/pages/1230180/overview
Wilde Linse
Schale
A low open vessel with a rim diameter double than the height.
OREA
shallow bowl
oat
Hafer
Avana
http://dbpedia.org/page/Oat
Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2.
malachite
Malachit
http://dbpedia.org/page/Malachite
http://eol.org/pages/311505/overview
onager
A circular object with a central perforation intended to act as a fly wheel on a spindle, giving momentum to its rotation – an artifact providing evidence of the spinning of thread. It maintained the momentum of the spindle rotated by the spinner while he
Spinnwirtel
spindle whorl
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.299
nemrik point
Peregrine, P. N., Ember, M. (eds.) 2002. Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Vol. 8: Sourth and Southwest Asia. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pulishers, New York, Boston, Dortrecht, London, Moscow.
A diamond-shaped point named after the Nemrik site in today Iraq.
stone lining
OREA
Lampe
A vessel used to produce illumination.
lamp
Mollusken
molluscs
http://eol.org/pages/2195/overview
mollusca
apple
Apfel
http://eol.org/pages/29915/overview
Malus
White painted pottery decoration.
white
OREA
Weiß
The grave has been disrupted because of building of a new settlement.
OREA
Störung durch nachfolgende Siedlung
construction of settlement
A concept schema related to the class Interpretation in the database
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
Trapez
trapeze
A geometric microlith whose outline has four sides - two lateral nearly parallel sides with the longer one being the cutting edge and the shorter opposite edge backed or not-backed. Also called transverse arrowhead.
Human action applied to raw materials in order to transform them into microliths.
microlithic industry
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP. p. 143.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
Zahn
A tooth (plural teeth) is a small, calcified, whitish structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Tooth
tooth
4.11
OREA
one room
A building with one room.
one-room
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A term describing a tool with the delineation of an edge, indicating a sharp dent, generaly concave, sometimes V-shaped, with a small curvature radius, and created by carious retouch techniques.
Kerbe
notched tool
notch
http://eol.org/pages/8698/overview
Maus
mouse
Muridea
brown bear
Braunbär
http://eol.org/pages/328581/overview
Ursus arctos
Herd
A fire installation that lacks a superstructure. Source: M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
hearth
The slab or place on which a fire is made inside or in the vicinity of a cave or a rockshelter as an evidence of human occupation.
OREA
5.7
timber
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/timber
Wood prepared for use in building and carpentry.
matt painted
Matt-painted
Pottery with simple decoration in manganese-based purple-black paint on a pale ground. Matt-painted pottery has been found in the nearer islands to mainland Greece and even as far as Crete and the Anatolian coast.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 191
Matt bemalt
Terrassenmauer
A wall supporting the slope or shielding from erosion.
OREA
terrace wall
mitochondrial DNA
dating: mitochondrial dna
Mitochondrien-DNA
A dating technique for the founding of individual populations based on the assumption of steady rates of mutation in mitochondrial D_NA. Sometimes used to produce dates for stratigraphic layers containing fossil specimens of populations.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=56&term_no=14217
lug
bobbin
A retouched flake tool with a thick working edge; a flake tool that has been sharpened on one edge and left blunt on other edges to allow grasping, probably used to scrape (dress) animal hides.
Schaber
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.282
scraper
weaving bobbin
A cutting tool, similar to an ax, in which the blade is set at right angles to the handle or haft. One of the earliest tools, it was widely distribute in Stone Age cultures in the form of a handheld stone chipped to form a blade.
adze
Krummaxt
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.5
Pottery painted with grey paint on grey ground.
monochrome grey
OREA
monochrom grau
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 271
Ring
A small circular band, typically of precious metal and often set with one or more gemstones, worn on a finger as an ornament or a token of marriage, engagement, or autority.
ring
Wandverputz
plaster wall
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 252.
A wall covered with a mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water, which hardens into a smooth solid.
OREA
A liminal horizontal birdbone shaped loop handle with round applications.
Gabelhenkel mit Knubbe
knobbed wishbone handle
Bautyp
building type
A type of a building based on a certain building technique, space arangement, architectural, functional and cultural distinction.
OREA
A concept schema related to class Site in database.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=546&term_no=138407
wall
Mauer
An enclosing structure composed of bricks, stones, wood or similar materials, laid in courses.
Viehzucht
animal husbandry
OREA
The care and raising of animals.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 271
rippled
A technique of pottery burnish in which the whole surface is worked into ripples, in extreme examples it approaches fluting.
Wellig
ripple burnished
chickpea
Cicer arietinum
Kichererbse
http://eol.org/pages/685208/overview
hare
Hase
Lepus europaeus
http://eol.org/pages/118009/overview
5.27
Einbaum
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 99
dugout
A simple canoe made from a single tree hollowed out by burning or chopping.
black burnished “Larisa” (γ1α)
Schwarz geglättet “Larisa” (C1a A5a/c)
Burnished black ware type "Larisa" named after the site in Greece.
OREA
Keighley 1986, 364
Grauer Glanzton
Smoothed ware with soapy grey surface typical for Eastern Macedonia, Sitagroi.
gray lustre
pottery production
OREA
The activity of making objects of clay and hardened with heat.
Keramikproduktion
Kiefer
http://eol.org/pages/999491/overview
pine
Pinus pinea
Poliert
OREA
polished
Sufficiently dry ceramics in leather-hard stage is polished to compact its surface resulting in evenly smooth pottery.
black nightshade
schwarzes Nachtschattengewächs
http://dbpedia.org/page/Black_nightshade
Chenopodiacea
A concept schema related to class Finds in database.
female individuals
weiblich
Decoration or ornament applied to or laid on another material, such as metal on wood or embroidery on cloth; a ceramic finishing techniques that involves joining shaped pieces of a plastic body to a leather-hard surface by pressure. The applied pieces can
appliqué
Applikation
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p. 13
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 154
inscription
Inschrift
Something that is inscribed; the act of inscribing. It is writing or any type cut into or raised upon a hard surface - clay, wood, stone, metal, etc. - and therefore endures.
soil analysis: soil micromorphology
Soil micromorphology consits of the integrated use of various microscopic techniques for studying the arrangement and the nature othat form sediments and soils to provide information which can discriminate the sedimentary signatures diagnostic of human-re
micromorphology
Mikromorphologie
soil micromorphology
http://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/77p39.pdf
Flattened handle with a round cross section.
Stabhenkel
round bar handle
OREA
Flat handle.
tab handle
hammer rims
OREA
Grifflappen
5.169
Kiliya figurine
Figurine Typ Kiliya
petrologische Auswertung
Petrologie
petrological research
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/petrology
The study concerned with the origin, structure, and composition of rocks.
petrology
adult (19-40)
Bauaufnahme
Recording and analysis of built structures utilising close obervation as well as manual or electronic survey equipment such as GPS and REDM (Reflectorless Electromagnetic Distance measurement). Includes research, fieldwork and report.
architectural survey
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=14511
circular
OREA
A building with a round ground plan.
Pottery with a strip of clay added around the outside surface of a pot before firing for decoration or handling. The cordon(s) may be decorated in some way, for example with fingertip or stick impressions.
Plastischer Banddekor
plastic cordon decoration
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 83
stone row structure
Steinreihenstruktur
infans i (0-6)
rim
Inwards thickened rim with round cross section.
rolled rim
eingerollter Rand
OREA
Tomkins 2007
Einzeln eingedrückter Musterdekor
Ware decorated with single engraved lines.
single jabbed
undefined
An area where archaeological evidence has been found. However, the finds were not diagnostic or the amount was too small to interpret the type of the area (settlement, grave, etc.)
fallow deer
Dama dama
http://eol.org/pages/313992/overview
Damhirsch
OREA
Burnished ware with red oxidized rim and black surface typical for Northern Greece.
Red-topped
red topped
red topped
Offset rims are either in-set or out-set from the vessel wall, resulting in either an inverted or everted rim profile.
offset rim
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm
Abgesetzter Rand
OREA
ogee-pot
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 300
Nozzle shaped appendage that restricts a secondary orifice occuring to one side of a vessel´s vertical axis, and typically on the vessel´s upper body or shoulder.
bridge spout
Tüllenausguss
funnel-necked jar
OREA
Trichterrandtopf
A high and open vessel with an expanded neck.
C14-Datierung
The measurement of the ration of the radioactive Carbon 14 (C-14) isotope and non-radioactive carbon isotopes. Useful for dating organic materials such as wood and bone between 500 and 45000 years old.
C14
radiocarbon dating
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=560&term_no=142188
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 290
A knife for reaping corn, first used by Neolithic man, made of flint blades mounted in a wooden or bone haft.
sickle
Sichel
sickle implement
sickle element
Zoomorphe Figur
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.113
A small carved or sculpted figure of an animal, usually of clay, stone, wood, or metal.
zoomorphic figurine
Türangelstein
pivot stone
ceramics: sourcing
ceramics sourcing
OREA
An analysis to find out where the ceramics came from.
Herkunftanalyse
sourcing
A liminal, horizontal, bird-bone shaped, loop handle with two objects applied that are narrow at one end and much wider at the other.
double-horned wishbone handle
Wishbonehenkel mit doppelten Hornaufsatz
OREA
OREA
A two-handled deep drinking cup.
Skyphos
skyphos
OREA
Kleiner Fuß
A small supporting lower part of the vessel, normally attached to the base or vessel bottom after the vessel has got its form.
small foot
Grey ware.
grau Ware
OREA
grey ware
A geometric microlith, made on a blade or bladelet and shaped like a half moon; the backing is along a curved arc opposite a straight unretouched edge. It was hafted, possibly as a projectile tip or as part of a cutting tool.
lunate
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
segment
A chlorite (compound) is a compound that contains this group,with chlorine in oxidation state +3. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous acid.
Chlorite
http://dbpedia.org/page/Chlorite
chlorite
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
shell production
Muschelverarbeitung
http://dbpedia.org/page/Agate
Achat
agate
Cryptocrystalline variety of silica, chiefly chalcedony, characterised by its fineness of grain and brightness of color.
tip
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 319
shaft
Top and bottom of a point or blade.
Spitze
Ware mit Überzug
slip ware
OREA
Surface treatment of applying the slip (or coat) as a suspension of clay in water. It can be applied once or several times to the surface of the vessel with a brush, naked hand or a piece of cloth by dipping or pouring. It is applied to change the surface
slipped
Weiß auf schwarz
Pottery painted with white paint on black ground.
OREA
white on black
Produktion geschlagener Steinwekzeuge
The activity of making tools of cryptocrystalline materials by lithic reduction such as striking stone flakes from a core.
OREA
chipped stone tool production
OREA
Verdickter Rand
The upper portion of the vessel closest to its orifice that has been thickened.
thickened rim
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
archäologische Beobachtung (Kontrolle)
field observation (monitoring)
Periodic visits being made to a site by an archaeologist to record archaeological deposts and recover finds that have come to light since the previous cisit. An archaeological presence is not maintained during gorundwork as it is with a watching brief.
field observation
archäologische Beobachtung
Kontrolle
monitoring
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=14513
Houses arranged in radial plan.
houses radial
OREA
Ringformige Häuser
broomcorn millet
Rispenhirse
Panicum miliaceum
http://eol.org/pages/1114498/overview
field walking survey: undetermined
Feldbegehung: nicht bestimmt
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
The activity of making physical items of burnt clay that can be afterwards used to achive a certain goal.
Keramikwerkzeugproduktion
OREA
pottery tool production
grave location
Y Klinge
y blade
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Marble
marble
Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
Marmor
intramural
Bank
bench
M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
A high narrow platform.
Becher
beaker
Hochgezogener Bandhenkel mit Knubbe
OREA
Hoisting handle made from a strip of clay with round clay application of semicirucular cross section attached to the body of the pot at two points before firing.
high strap handle with knob
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.284
A device for impressing characteristic marks into a soft surface, such as wet clay or wax, to indicate ownership or authenticity. Seals were made of bone, ivory, stone, or wood and had an intaglio design and were in the form of stamps or cylinder seals.
seal
Siegel
Wilder Einkorn
Triticum monococcum subsp. baeoticum
wild einkorn
http://eol.org/data_objects/32398343
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
Torso
body
satellite imaging
Satellitenbilderauswertung
The capture of imagery using an orbiting satellite. The type of imagery is very varied including visible light photography, infrared and multi spectral photography as well as imagery derived from radar and lidar data.
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145162
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.287
An artifact made from a coarse, often volcanic, stone, with a groove used as a rasp to finish spears and arrowshafts.
shaft straightener
Schaftglätter
Schaftstrecker
A lug in a shape of an elephant´s head.
elephant lug
Coleman 1977
Rüsselhenkel
finds material
Fundmaterial
OREA
A material from which an archaeological artefact (small finds, lithics) were made of.
OREA (M. Brami)
A building with a semi-circular recess on one side.
apsidal
Nachweis von menschlichen Tätigkeiten
occupation evidence
http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/isotopes/
isotopes: carbon (C)
Kohlenstoff (C)
Kohlenstoffanalyse
carbon analysis
Comparison of different proportions of natural occuring carbon isotope to determine the kind of environment and individual came from and their likely diet.
black burnished with channeled decoration (γ1α3)
OREA
Schwarz geglättet, kanneliert (C1a3)
Burnished black ware with channeled/fluted decoration.
retuschirter Abschlag
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
A flake with retouches on one or both edges.
retouched flake
A building used for storing food and other goods.
Lagerhaus
storage building
OREA
part of specialist report
wedge-shaped core
An unidirectional blade core with crested back, usually determined by a frontal reduction. (*when the reduction is all around the platform, the core is conical, while the systematic, regular blade detachment finally leads to bullet core shape).
OREA
coil
Spule
http://eol.org/pages/1114673/overview
Kolbenhirse
Setaria italica
foxtail millet
Archaeologically excavated trench, either hand or machine dug, as part of a sampling programme to evaluate the presence/absence, nature, preservation, age and extent of any buried archaeological features.
Suchschnitt
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145175
trial trench
pestle
Club-shaped (oblong cylindrical or subcylindrical) implement of stone used for pounding, crushing, or grinding substances in a mortar.
Stößel
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.237
A raised flat clay surface with a ridge.
clay platform
M. Brami, PhD after Catalhoyuk Research Project http://www.catalhoyuk.com/database/catal/help_glossary1.asp
black slipped
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 264
Any pottery to which a slip, a thin layer of fine clay, is applied to pottery before firing by dipping the pot into a thick liquid mixture of clay and water. Slip decorates the fabric, is often chosen to bake to a color such as red and makes the pot more
schwarzer Überzug
Ahle
Pfriem
pin
A small tool consisting of a thin, tapering, sharp-pointed blade of bone, flint, or metal used for piercing holes, making decorations, or in assisting basketweaving.
piercer
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.22
awl
The non-intrusive processes by which information is collected about the location, distribution and organisation of past human activities that are now submerged by water. The approaches can be either extensive or intensive depending on the objectives.
Unterwassersurvey
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=163245
underwater survey
adult-mature (19-45)
http://eol.org/pages/331073/overview
Gams
Rupicapra rupicapra
chamois
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
preforator
borer
drill
A blade (or rarely flake) where a retoch forms a pointed end used for making holes.
Bohrer
4.8
grater
Reibe
crested blade
monochrome black
OREA
Pottery painted with black paint on black ground.
Monochrom schwarz
Fruchtständer
A very low shallow bowl with a high pedestal.
fruitstand
OREA
grau geglättet
grey burnished
Burnished ware with fine grey surface typical for Thessaly.
Hauptmann - Milojcic 1969
OREA
white topped
white topped
Ware with white crusted rim typical for Thessaly.
impresso
OREA
Impresso
Pottery decorated by imprinting of the clay with different types of objects.
in cave
Gopher, A. 1994. Arrowheads of the Neolithic Levant. Wiona Lake, Eisenbrauns.
byblos point
A large, heavy arrowhead, usually carelessly made and asymetrical.
ceramics
Keramik
Kipfer, B. A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. P.103
Fired clay, normally belonging to pottery, figurine, or other ceramic industries.
A concept schema related to the Area and Research Event in the database.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/claw
Kralle
claw
A curved pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot in birds, lizards, and some mammals.
Linum bienne
http://eol.org/pages/581539/overview
wild flax
Wilder Flachs
Monochrom rot
Pottery painted with red paint on red ground.
monochrome red
OREA
OREA
site
A location where research took place/observations were made
Pottery painted with white paint on red ground.
Weiß auf rot (A3a)
OREA
white on red (a3α)
A flat open vessel with horizontal row of drillings under the rim.
OREA
“Cheese Pot”
cheese pot
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
nose ring
Nasenring
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nose_ring
A ring worn in a person´s nose as a piece of jewellery.
OREA
Strap handle with winged side.
winged strap handle
“geflügelte” Bandhenkel
Grober Urfirnis
OREA
Coarse pottery decorated with a glaze-like paint.
coarse urfirnis
geophysical survey: radar
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145135
Bodenradarmessung
ground penetratig radar survey
GPR
A technique that measures the amount of time it takes pulses of electromagnetic energy sent into the ground, from a transmitter, to reflect back from the interfaces between layers and other subsurface features in order to produce a subsurface profile.
ground penetrating radar
handle with knob
Griff mit Knubbe
partirdge
http://dbpedia.org/page/Partridge
Rebhuhn
lead analysis
http://oxalid.arch.ox.ac.uk/
Comparison of different proportions of natural occuring lead isotope to determine the geographical origin of ancient metals and other materials, for which minerals containing lead were used in their manufacture, for example: pigments, glass, glaze and pai
Bleianalyse
isotopes: lead (Pb)
Blei (Pb)
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
Schaf
http://eol.org/pages/311906/overview
sheep
Ovis aries
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
bar handle with knob
OREA
Bar shaped handle with an applied knob.
Stabhenkel mit Knubbe
Geschmiergeglättet
scribble burnished
Vitelli 1993, 152
MN Urfirnis ware with irregular burnishing lines typical for Southern Greece.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
ritual activity
An activity where religious practices are being carried out.
OREA
OREA
kleiner Ringhenkel
small ring handle
A handle with a very small round loop.
surface
OREA
oberflächennaher Abbau
Tool marks recognized on a rock surface as the evidence for mining activities.
Tagebau
OREA
monochrome brown
Pottery painted with brown paint on brown ground.
Monochrom braun
tulip-shaped beaker
OREA
A handled cup in a form of a bell.
Tulpenförmger Becher
Uppoer part of the vessel with thickened inner side of lip, forming flat or slightly convex band, fairly sharply offset so that it ends with an angular or somewhat rounded inner edge.
Blegen 1950, 58.
Innen abgestrichener Rand mit Verzierung
inside bevelled and decorated rim
The study of the chemical composition and properties of soils and archaeological deposits in order to determine the nature and extent of activities within the area examined.
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/1.193/oi/authority.21183151659?rskey=A9d7Zt&result=&q=soil%2chemistry
soil analysis: soil chemistry
Bodenchemie
soil chemistry
Pyramid-shaped handle with a round loop.
triangular ring handle
dreieckiger Ringhenkel
OREA
OREA
Henkel mit Stabaufsatz
A handle with bar application.
pronged handle
Pottery decorated with black paint added on grey ground.
OREA
black on grey
schwarz auf grau
Politurmusterverziert
OREA
pattern burnished
Pottery decorated by burnished patterns.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
brown on cream
Pottery decorated with brown paint on cream ground.
OREA
Braun auf beige
A concept schema related to the Research Event class in the database.
stamp
A small object, usually of terra cotta, consisting of a decorative stamp with a knob at the back for holding. The stamping surface is flat, concave, or convex. It has been suggested that they served to apply pigments to the human skin in repeat patterns as an alternative to tattooing.
Stampel
pintadera
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.242
Pintadera
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
indirect percussion
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP. p. 148.
The action of striking one object with another. Indirect percussion involves an intermediate object (a punch) as well as a hammer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup
Serpentin
serpentine
The serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group) are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found in serpentinite rocks.
metal detecting use
metal detection
The hobby of using a metal detector to hunt for buried coins or artefacts; alternatively the use of a metal detector to locate metal artefacts on an archaeological excavation that otherwise would go unnoticed.
Metalldetektor Einsatz
http://thesaurus.historicengland.org.uk/thesaurus_term.asp?thes_no=566&term_no=145148
Halskette
necklace
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.212
A chain, band, or cord, often ornamented with beads, pearls, jewels, etc., worn around the neck.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
buckthorn
Rhammus
http://eol.org/pages/2880478/overview
Dorn
v-shaped spout
V-förmiger Ausguss
A V-shaped tube or lip projecting from a vessel, through which liquid can be poured.
OREA
OREA
Pottery decoration produced by cutting strips or shapes out of the soft clay surface before firing.
excised
Ware mit ausgeschnittenem Dekor
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
A specially built place in a cave or a rockshelter where a fire can be built marking the use of a cave by the early men.
fireplace
OREA
Feuerstelle
5.15
OREA
carinated jar
Knickwandtopf
A closed vessel used for storage, preservation, or transportation of goods with two or non handles and bent walls.
Perleneinlage
Pellet inlay typical for Crete.
Tomkins 2007
bead inlay
OREA
The red slip was applied onto the vessel and burnished.
Rot geglättet (B1)
red burnished (b1)
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
duck
OREA
black and red on white (polychrome) (β3γ)
Pottery decorated with black and red paint on cream ground (polychrome).
Schwarz und rot auf weiß (polychrom) (B3c)
adult
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
double truncation
A blade with a steep retouch made on both broken ends.
Inizan, M.-L., M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier 1999, Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Nanterre: CREP., D. Srejovic (ed) 1997, Arheološki Leksikon.
pillar
foundation trench
OREA
A trench or gully, packed with stone, earth or logs, used to support a wall.
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
stairway
A set of steps or stairs leading to an upper storey.
OREA
profile clearing
A concept schema related to the particular Site properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
forelimb
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forelimb
Either of the front limbs of an animal; a foreleg, wing, flipper, etc.
Ausgrabung
excavation
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p.136
Any lithic (stone) artifact used to process plants for food, medicines, cosmetics, or pigments. The grinding was done on a flat or concave surface.
Reibstein
grinding stone
OREA
The age of human remains has not been specified.
age not specified
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
Ware mit rotem Überzug
Any pottery to which a slip, a thin layer of fine clay, is applied to pottery before firing by dipping the pot into a thick liquid mixture of clay and water. Slip decorates the fabric, is often chosen to bake to a color such as red and makes the pot more
red slipped
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 264
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
Bandhenkel mit Knubbe
A handle made from a strip of clay with round application, attached to the body of the pot at two points before firing.
strap handle with knob
Kipfer, B. A. Dictionary of Artifacts 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.p 305
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Area properties.
A concept schema related to the particular Finds properties.
extramural